Desempenho de luta e sobrevivência entre espécies de abelhas sem ferrão e abelhas africanizadas em confinamento.

Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de luta e a sobrevivência de três espécies de abelhas sem ferrão confinadas com abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera)

Induced Parity Breaking Term in Arbitrary Odd Dimensions at Finite Temperature

We calculate the exact parity odd part of the effective action ($\Gamma_{odd}^{2d+1}$) for massive Dirac fermions in 2d+1 dimensions at finite temperature, for a certain class of gauge field configurations. We consider first Abelian external gauge fields, and then we deal with the case of a non-Abelian gauge group containing an Abelian U(1) subgroup. For both cases, it is possible to show that the result depends on topological invariants of the gauge field configurations, and that the gauge transformation properties of $\Gamma_{odd}^{2d+1}$ depend only on those invariants and on the winding number of the gauge transformation.Comment: 10 pages, revtex, no figure

Coleta de recursos e atividade externa de abelhas campeiras de Scaptotrigona sp. e Plebeia aff. flavocincta (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) no Semiárido da Caatinga.

Este trabalho avaliou a qualidade de recursos e a atividade externa de abelhas campeiras de Scaptotrigona sp. e Plebeia aff. flavocincta na Caatinga

Derivative Expansion and the Effective Action for the Abelian Chern-Simons Theory at Higher Orders

We study systematically the higher order corrections to the parity violating part of the effective action for the Abelian Chern-Simons theory in 2+1 dimensions, using the method of derivative expansion. We explicitly calculate the parity violating parts of the quadratic, cubic and the quartic terms (in fields) of the effective action. We show that each of these actions can be summed, in principle, to all orders in the derivatives. However, such a structure is complicated and not very useful. On the other hand, at every order in the powers of the derivatives, we show that the effective action can also be summed to all orders in the fields. The resulting actions can be expressed in terms of the leading order effective action in the static limit. We prove gauge invariance, both large and small of the resulting effective actions. Various other features of the theory are also brought out.Comment: 36 page

Induced parity violating thermal effective action for (2+1)-dimensional fermions interacting with a non-Abelian background

We study the parity breaking effective action in 2+1 dimensions, generated, at finite temperature, by massive fermions interacting with a non-Abelian gauge background. We explicitly calculate, in the static limit, parity violating amplitudes up to the seven point function, which allows us to determine the corresponding effective actions. We derive the exact parity violating effective action when $\vec{E}=0$. When $\vec{E}\neq 0$, there are families of terms that can be determined order by order in perturbation theory. We attempt to generalize our results to non-static backgrounds through the use of time ordered exponentials and prove gauge invariance, both {\it small} and {\it large}, of the resulting effective action. We also point out some open questions that need to be further understood.Comment: 24 pages. Version to be published in Physical Review D with an added appendix on the consequences of thermal gauge invarianc

Trailing Boom on Fungicides Application on Wheat, Bean and Soybean

This study aimed to determine the influence of air-assisted and trailing boom technologies on fungicide applications to control diseases incidence and severity on wheat, bean and soybean. The experiments were conducted in three different sites in the Campos Gerais (PR) region in a completely randomized blocks design. In the wheat crop season of 2011, the treatments were: i) control (no fungicide application on the plants); fungicide spray with ii) nozzles in conventional ground boom sprayer; iii) nozzles in trailing boom; and iv) nozzles in conventional boom sprayer + trailing boom simultaneously. In the bean and soybean crop season of 2011-12, we added an extra treatment of boom with air-assisted sprayer, since the farmers had this technology available. We conclude that at the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), the diseases controlled with fungicides presented lower severity and incidence compared with the control treatment for all the crops evaluated. The fungicide spraying technology aggregated to air-assisted and trailing boom did not differ from the conventional boom sprayer for disease control and yield components of wheat, beans and soybeans

Influence of Altitude on the indirect Analysis of α-amylase Content on Wheat Flours

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of altitude on the indirect analysis of α-amylase content on wheat flours. The experimental designused was completely randomized, with eight treatments and three repetitions. The treatments consisted of the analysis of the falling number from flours of four wheat classes (basic, domestic, bread and improver) on the elevations zero, 412, 540, 761, 934, 975, 1,040 and 1,095 meters. After the trial results, under the correction of the averages above 600 meters of elevation, it was verified that there was a significant difference between the results of distinct altitudes, for the four wheat classes. When a polynomial regression is applied, for the values without correction, it was obtained that aquadratic regression equation correlates the falling number values with altitude; however, the coefficient of determination was very low, highlighting the major influence of the different equipments that were used to measure the falling number instead of the different altitudes

Effective action for QED in 2+1 dimensions at finite temperature

We calculate the effective action for a constant magnetic field and a time-dependent time-component of the gauge field in 2+1 dimensions at finite temperature. We also discuss the behaviour of the charge density and the fermion condensate as order parameters of symmetry breaking.Comment: Latex, 10 pages, no figure